The northern short-tailed shrew has 1,044 records in Virginia’s occurrence data, all from GBIF, enough to rank it among the more frequently recorded small mammals in the state. Reports come from both ends of Virginia’s geography at once: the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests in the mountains, and the marshes and pine woods of the Coastal Plain and Tidewater near the Chesapeake Bay.
At home in leaf litter from the mountains to the marsh
This shrew doesn’t need a particular forest type so much as damp leaf litter and loose soil to tunnel through, and Virginia offers that from the Blue Ridge and Appalachian highlands down to the wet pine woods near the Great Dismal Swamp and the Chesapeake Bay. It often reuses runways and burrows dug by voles rather than building its own tunnel system from scratch.
One of the few venomous mammals in Virginia
Its saliva carries a mild venom, delivered through grooved lower teeth, strong enough to subdue an earthworm or a small vertebrate and keep it immobilized for later. That’s a rare trait among mammals anywhere, and it lets a shrew with a punishing metabolism cache paralyzed prey instead of hunting fresh food every hour. Records here peak in September, which likely tracks survey and trapping effort more than a real seasonal surge in activity.
Status in Virginia
Virginia’s records don’t list the northern short-tailed shrew as nonindigenous, and NatureServe ranks it S5, secure, native to its Virginia range. Few Virginia mammals are this common in leaf litter and this rarely seen.
