Outforia · Species Directory

US Mammal Species Directory

Established wild mammals are kept distinct from domesticated reference profiles. Search by name or jump straight to a section.

Mammals (505) Domesticated (12)

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LC RODENTIA Abert's Squirrel Sciurus aberti Grows dramatic black ear tufts each winter, then sheds them until the same squirrel looks transformed. Established · 5 states Habitat · Pinyon-Juniper Woodland Length · 27.9–76.2cm 0.9–2.5ft Weight · 540–971g 1.2–2.1lb Lifespan · Up to 7 yr (captive)
CR ARTIODACTYLA Addax Addax nasomaculatus Survives desert drought by drawing moisture from plants, while broad hooves spread its weight across loose sand. Established · 1 state Habitat · Desert Length · 1.7m 5.6ft Weight · 75–112.5kg 165.3–248lb Lifespan · Up to 28 yr
LC RODENTIA Agile kangaroo rat Dipodomys agilis Leaps sideways on powerful hind legs, using a tufted tail to dodge striking snakes in open ground. Established · 1 state Habitat · Desert Length · 20cm 7.9in Weight · 61g 2.2oz Lifespan · Up to 1 yr
LC RODENTIA Alaska Marmot Marmota broweri Brown coat and skull distinguish this Arctic Circle endemic from the more widespread, silver-shouldered hoary marmot. Established · 1 state Habitat · Lake Length · 60cm 23.6in Weight · 3.2kg 7lb Lifespan · Up to 12 yr
LC LAGOMORPHA Alaskan Hare Lepus othus Hunkers in a shallow scrape, trusting a seasonally white coat to hide where tundra offers no cover. Established · 1 state Habitat · Tundra Length · 57.5cm 22.6in Weight · 2.9–7.2kg 6.4–15.9lb Lifespan · Up to 18 yr
DD RODENTIA Aleutian Island Collared Lemming Dicrostonyx unalascensis Turns white and grows shovel-like winter claws, yet remains one of Alaska's least-observed mammals. Established · 1 state Habitat · Tundra Length · 13.7cm 5.4in Weight · 58g 2oz Lifespan · Up to 3 yr
VU CARNIVORA Alleghanian Spotted Skunk Spilogale putorius Rises into a warning handstand before spraying, a startling defense from a secretive night hunter. Established · 14 states Habitat · Forest Edge Length · 32cm 12.6in Weight · 583g 1.3lb Lifespan · Up to 11 yr
NT RODENTIA Allegheny Woodrat Neotoma magister Carries food and found objects into rocky crevices, sporting a furred tail unlike city rats. Established · 13 states + DC Habitat · Rocky Outcrop Length · 31–45cm 12.2–17.7in Weight · 357g 12.6oz Lifespan · Up to 10 yr
LC CHIROPTERA Allen's Big-eared Bat Idionycteris phyllotis Plucks moths and beetles from bark and leaves, steering slowly through clutter with enormous unjoined ears. Established · 5 states Habitat · Coastal Length · 10.3–11.8cm 4.1–4.6in Weight · 8–16g 0.3–0.6oz Lifespan · Up to 3 yr
LC RODENTIA Alpine Chipmunk Neotamias alpinus Scrambles above the treeline through talus, racing to forage and breed during the Sierra's brief thaw. Established · 1 state Habitat · Rocky Outcrop Length · 16.6–20.3cm 6.5–8in Weight · 27–45g 1–1.6oz Lifespan · Up to 3 yr
LC ARTIODACTYLA Alpine Ibex Capra ibex Massive, knobby horns and split hooves suit steep European ledges; American reports likely involve managed animals. Established · 1 state Habitat · Alpine Length · 1.5–1.7m 4.9–5.6ft Weight · 67–117kg 147.7–257.9lb Lifespan · Up to 21 yr
LC CARNIVORA American Badger Taxidea taxus Huge foreclaws, a flattened body, and bold facial stripe equip this hunter to excavate underground prey. Established · 26 states Habitat · Grassland Length · 63.9cm 2.1ft Weight · 4–12kg 8.8–26.5lb Lifespan · Up to 10 yr
LC RODENTIA American Beaver Castor canadensis A broad, flat, horizontal paddle tail and blocky build mark North America's largest rodent, which fells trees and dams streams into ponds Established · 49 states + DC Habitat · River Length · 60–90cm 2–3ft Weight · 11–32kg 24.3–70.5lb Lifespan · Up to 23 yr
NT ARTIODACTYLA American Bison Bison bison Grazing and wallowing reshape prairie communities, making this front-heavy herbivore an ecosystem engineer. Established · 21 states Habitat · Grassland Length · 1.9–2m 6.1–6.6ft Weight · 360–1000kg 793.7–2204.6lb Lifespan · Up to 20 yr
LC CARNIVORA American Black Bear Ursus americanus Coat color varies widely, so its hump-free profile and adaptable foraging reveal more than black fur. Established · 44 states Habitat · Conifer Forest Length · 1.2–2m 3.9–6.6ft Weight · 40–250kg 88.2–551.2lb Lifespan · 10–30 yr
LC CARNIVORA American Ermine Mustela erminea Turns white except for a black tail tip, then threads narrow tunnels to tackle surprisingly large prey. Established · 30 states Habitat · Coniferous Forest Length · 17–33cm 6.7–13in Weight · 70–260g 2.5–9.2oz Lifespan · Up to 13 yr
LC CARNIVORA American Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus leuconotus Roots through soil with a nearly bald, piglike snout beneath one broad white dorsal stripe. Established · 5 states Habitat · Urban Length · 44.4–93.4cm 1.5–3.1ft Weight · 1.1–4.5kg 2.4–9.9lb Lifespan · Up to 4 yr
LC CARNIVORA American marten Martes americana Chases squirrels through the canopy, marked by a throat patch whose cream-to-orange pattern varies individually. Established · 13 states Habitat · Lake Length · 32–45cm 12.6–17.7in Weight · 0.5–1.4kg 1.1–3.1lb Lifespan · Up to 18 yr
LC CARNIVORA American Mink Neogale vison Hunts equally well in water and on land, moving low and fast along waterways. Established · 48 states + DC Habitat · Lake Length · 33–45.7cm 13–18in Weight · 0.5–1.4kg 1–3lb Lifespan · Up to 11 yr
LC LAGOMORPHA American Pika Ochotona princeps Builds summer haypiles among broken rock, storing plants for cold months while shaded crevices buffer dangerous heat. Established · 10 states Habitat · Rocky Outcrop Length · 19cm 7.5in Weight · 140g 4.9oz Lifespan · Up to 7 yr
LC SORICOMORPHA American pygmy shrew Sorex hoyi Burns energy so quickly that this nearly invisible, needle-nosed hunter must feed throughout the day. Established · 26 states Habitat · Deciduous Forest Length · 5–7cm 2–2.8in Weight · 2–5g 0.1–0.2oz Lifespan · Up to 2 yr (record)
LC RODENTIA American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Defends cone caches year-round with a sharp rattling scold that often reveals it before any sighting. Established · 35 states + DC Habitat · Wetland Length · 17–23cm 6.7–9.1in Weight · 140–310g 4.9–10.9oz Lifespan · Up to 10 yr
LC SORICOMORPHA American Shrewmole Neurotrichus gibbsii North America's smallest mole and the lone survivor of its genus and tribe, foraging leaf litter around the clock. Established · 3 states Habitat · River Length · 8.1cm 3.2in Weight · 10g 0.4oz
LC SORICOMORPHA American water shrew Sorex palustris Traps air in its fur and paddles with fringed hind feet while hunting underwater by touch. Established · 28 states Habitat · River Length · 8cm 3.1in Weight · 8–18g 0.3–0.6oz Lifespan · Up to 2 yr
LC LAGOMORPHA Antelope Jackrabbit Lepus alleni Flashes white flanks while sprinting, as oversized ears radiate heat across shadeless desert country. Established · 1 state Habitat · Desert Length · 55–67cm 1.8–2.2ft Weight · 2.7–4.5kg 6–9.9lb Lifespan · Up to 5 yr
VU ARTIODACTYLA Aoudad Ammotragus lervia A shaggy throat fringe distinguishes this sure-footed introduced sheep as it crosses dry cliffs with little water. Introduced · 5 states Habitat · Desert Length · 0.8–1.1m 2.5–3.6ft Weight · 40–145kg 88.2–319.7lb Lifespan · Up to 22 yr
NT LAGOMORPHA Appalachian Cottontail Sylvilagus obscurus Dark-edged ears and a black-rimmed forehead distinguish this mountain rabbit from its widespread eastern cousin. Established · 10 states Habitat · River Length · 38.1–43.2cm 15–17in Weight · 0.8–1.2kg 1.7–2.5lb
LC CARNIVORA Arctic Fox Vulpes lagopus Compact proportions and short, rounded ears conserve heat through Arctic wind, darkness, and bitter cold. Established · 1 state Habitat · Tundra Length · 46–68cm 1.5–2.2ft Weight · 3.5kg 7.7lb Lifespan · Up to 4 yr
LC RODENTIA Arctic Ground Squirrel Urocitellus parryii Drops its body below freezing during an eight-month hibernation, then warms without tissue damage. Established · 1 state Habitat · Grassland Length · 39cm 15.4in Weight · 750g 1.7lb Lifespan · Up to 3 yr (record)
LC SORICOMORPHA Arctic shrew Sorex arcticus A sharply three-toned shrew of the far north; in the US it lives mainly in the upper Midwest. Established · 6 states Habitat · Boreal Forest Length · 10–13cm 3.9–5.1in Weight · 5–11g 0.2–0.4oz Lifespan · Up to 2 yr (record)
LC RODENTIA Arizona Cotton Rat Sigmodon arizonae Depends on dense, moist grass cover tucked within otherwise arid desert valleys and stream bottoms. Established · 4 states Habitat · Lake Length · 24.9–36.1cm 9.8–14.2in Weight · 172g 6.1oz Lifespan · Up to 5 yr
DD RODENTIA Arizona Gray Squirrel Sciurus arizonensis Shows a smooth grizzled coat and white belly, without the dark ear tufts of its closest regional lookalike. Established · 2 states Habitat · Sycamore Canyon Length · 45–57cm 17.7–22.4in Weight · 600–700g 1.3–1.5lb Lifespan · Up to 7 yr
LC CHIROPTERA Arizona myotis Myotis occultus Closely resembles other western mouse-eared bats, demanding careful attention to its fine features for identification. Established · 5 states Habitat · Cave Length · 5.3cm 2.1in Weight · 8g 0.3oz Lifespan · Up to 34 yr
LC RODENTIA Arizona Pocket Mouse Perognathus amplus Carries seeds in fur-lined cheek pouches and can meet its water needs entirely from dry food. Established · 1 state Habitat · Sonoran Desert Length · 6.1–8.5cm 2.4–3.3in Weight · 9–14g 0.3–0.5oz Lifespan · Up to 10 yr (captive)
LC SORICOMORPHA Arizona shrew Sorex arizonae Probes wet mountain leaf litter with a pointed snout, feeding almost constantly to sustain its rapid metabolism. Established · 2 states Habitat · River Length · 5–7cm 2–2.8in Weight · 3g 0.1oz
LC RODENTIA Arizona Woodrat Neotoma devia Armors bulky stick houses with cactus, turning rocky crevices into secure desert shelters. Established · 1 state Habitat · Rocky Outcrops Length · 14–18cm 5.5–7.1in Weight · 90–175g 3.2–6.2oz Lifespan · Up to 3 yr
NE ARTIODACTYLA Asian Mouflon Ovis gmelini A short coat and pale saddle patch distinguish this wiry wild sheep from woolly domestic relatives. Established · 1 state Habitat · Grassland Weight · 35–50kg 77.2–110.2lb
LC CETACEA Atlantic spotted dolphin Stenella frontalis Begins life mostly unspotted, then develops pale freckles across its dark back as it matures. Established · 8 states Habitat · River Length · 2.8m 9.2ft Weight · 100kg 220.5lb
NE CETACEA Atlantic White-sided Dolphin Leucopleurus acutus A boldly patterned cold-water dolphin of the North Atlantic, common on New England whale watches. Established · 9 states Habitat · Continental Shelf Length · 2.1–2.8m 6.9–9.2ft Weight · 180–230g 6.3–8.1oz Lifespan · Up to 27 yr (record)
LC RODENTIA Attwater's Pocket Gopher Geomys attwateri Fresh mounds and plugged tunnels usually reveal this secretive Texas digger before the animal itself appears. Established · 2 states Habitat · Coastal Length · 17.7cm 7in Weight · 177g 6.2oz Lifespan · Up to 12 yr

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Domesticated mammals