Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat

Corynorhinus rafinesquii

LCLeast Concern

Rafinesque's big-eared bat carries a pair of ears so long they rival the length of its own body, curled back like rams' horns when it settles in to roost. It sticks to forested country across the southeastern United States, reaching into the wooded edges of eastern Texas, and depends on old hollow trees and abandoned buildings for shelter. Confirmed records trace that forest-and-shelter relationship more than any broad regional range.

US Range
Explore by state

Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat across 11 states

Occurrence records, conservation status, and the places it turns up, state by state. Open a state for detail, or visit its full page.

  • LouisianaNativeOccasional135 records

    State rankVulnerable

    Notable placesKisatchie National Forest

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in Louisiana, with recorded sightings peaking in May–June, with a smaller rise in October–November.

  • TennesseeNativeOccasional54 records

    State rankVulnerable

    Notable placesGreat Smoky Mountains National Park · Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area · Big Hill Pond

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in Tennessee, with recorded sightings peaking in September, with a smaller rise in July.

  • KentuckyNativeOccasional53 records

    State rankVulnerable

    Notable placesMammoth Cave National Park · Daniel Boone National Forest · Dale Hollow State Resort Park

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in Kentucky, with recorded sightings peaking in February, with a smaller rise in October.

  • North CarolinaNativeOccasional50 records

    State rankVulnerable

    Notable placesSingletary Lake State Park · Lumber River State Park · Nantahala National Forest · South Mountains State Park

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in North Carolina, with recorded sightings peaking in January, with a smaller rise in June.

  • MississippiNativeOccasional45 records

    State rankVulnerable

    Notable placesDe Soto National Forest · Holly Springs National Forest

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in Mississippi, with recorded sightings peaking in August, with a smaller rise in October–November and January.

  • TexasNativeOccasional44 records

    State rankImperiled

    Countiesrecorded in 10

    Year-round in Texas, with recorded sightings peaking in June.

  • FloridaNativeRare35 records

    State rankCritically Imperiled

    Notable placesCaravelle Ranch Wildlife Management Area · Bulow Creek State Park

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in Florida, with recorded sightings peaking in August.

  • South CarolinaNativeOccasional30 records

    State rankImperiled

    Notable placesMyrtle Beach State Park · Huntington Beach State Park · Aiken State Park · Congaree National Park

    Countiesrecorded in 10

    Year-round in South Carolina, with recorded sightings peaking in September.

  • ArkansasNativeOccasional19 records

    State rankVulnerable

    Notable placesOzark National Forest · Poison Spring State Forest / Wildlife Management Area · Moro Bay State Park

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in Arkansas, with recorded sightings peaking in May–June, with a smaller rise in January.

  • GeorgiaNativeOccasional17 records

    State rankVulnerable

    Notable placesOkefenokee National Wildlife Refuge.Wilderness Area

    Countiesrecorded in 7

    Year-round in Georgia, with recorded sightings peaking in November.

  • AlabamaNativeRare10 records

    State rankImperiled

    Countiesrecorded in 4

    Sparse observation record in Alabama; presence confirmed but timing of activity not well documented.

IUCN Red List status

  1. LC
  2. NT
  3. VU
  4. EN
  5. CR
  6. EW
  7. EX

LC – Least Concern

Widespread and abundant; not at risk.

Elevation

From 200 georeferenced records, the Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat is recorded from 1 m3 ft to 943 m3,094 ft, with half of sightings below 62 m203 ft.

Each band shows the share of georeferenced sightings that fall within it. Records cluster where people live and hike, so low, populated elevations are over-represented. Read this as observation density, not true abundance.

Observation peakJune138 records

Seasonality from research-grade observation dates across the US (138 records, all years). Reflects when the species is recorded, not a guarantee of presence.

Best encounter

Where and when to see a Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat

Your best chance: Louisiana, in June.

Where
LouisianaLA
When
June
Trophic relationshipsFood web What a Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat eats, and what eats it.
Eaten by

Few natural predators as an adult

This speciesRafinesque's Big-eared Bat
insectsVariable Oakleaf Caterpillar MothLochmaeus manteoFall Armyworm MothSpodoptera frugiperdaYellow-striped Armyworm MothSpodoptera ornithogalliBrown Angle ShadesPhlogophora periculosaBronzed Cutworm MothNephelodes miniansArmyworm MothMythimna unipunctaSoothsayer DartGraphiphora augur
Eats8

A sample of documented feeding relationships, filtered to species that also occur in the US. Diet and predators vary by region and season, and this is not a complete list, many animals eat, and are eaten by, more than what has been formally recorded here.

Life history

The Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat (9–11 g0.3–0.4 oz) is a carnivore that first breeds around 0.5 years, carries a 53-day gestation, and bears about 1 young per litter. Maximum recorded longevity is 10.1 years.

Life cycle

  1. Gestation53 days
  2. Birthlitter of 1 young
  3. Sexual maturity0.5 yr (female)
  4. Typical lifespan10.1 years
  5. Maximum recorded longevity10.1 years

Reproduction

Gestation
53days
Litter size
1youngaverage
Litters / year
1litter
Age at first breeding
0.5years

Diet composition

Carnivore

By foraging composition: 100% invertebrates.

  • Invertebrates100%

Most active at night.

Typical values for the species, not local measurements. Maximum longevity is the longest lifespan on record; most individuals live far less.

Commonly confused with

Animals people sometimes mistake for the rafinesque's big-eared bat, and how to tell them apart.

Ears built to fold away at rest

This bat’s ears are its whole identity. They run nearly as long as its body, and when it settles down to roost, it curls them back against its head like a pair of small rams’ horns rather than leaving them upright. No other bat sharing its forested range folds its ears that way, so a roosting bat with curled-back ears is an easy call even without a clear look at the rest of the animal.

A forest range stretching into east Texas

Confirmed records trace a swath of the southeastern United States, from the forests of Kentucky and Tennessee down through the Gulf states. The range only just reaches into east Texas, at the wooded western edge of where this bat is willing to live. North Carolina alone accounts for a large share of documented records, likely reflecting survey effort in the Appalachian forests there more than any real concentration of bats along the coast.

Small cluster of Rafinesque's big-eared bats roosting together on a pale cave wall
Several bats sharing one roost site, a common pattern across their forested range. Photo: Sam Kieschnick, CC BY 4.0.

Gleaning moths, then vanishing into a hollow tree

It hunts by gleaning moths and other insects directly off leaves and bark rather than chasing them through open air, a quieter, more deliberate style of hunting suited to cluttered forest understory. By day, it disappears into hollow trees or old, abandoned buildings, tucking into a space just large enough to hide the animal and those folded ears.

Losing shelter even where food remains

The IUCN lists the species as least concern, but that global label hides a real local problem. Large hollow trees take decades to form, and cutting them down, or disturbing a roost inside an old building, removes shelter even in places where moths and other prey are still plentiful. Feeding habitat alone doesn’t keep this bat around. It also needs somewhere safe to hang, folded ears and all, once the hunting is done.

Rafinesque's big-eared bat held gently by a researcher's gloved fingers during a roost survey, huge ears raised above the hand
Brief in-hand handling during a bat-roost survey, the kind of monitoring that tracks how shelter loss affects local populations. Photo: Dylan Liu, CC0.

Data & sources

The data and visualizations on this page draw on these open sources: