Editor & Reviewer

Carl J. Borg

Editor-in-Chief

Outdoor editor based in Oslo, Norway, with two decades of time afield across Scandinavia, the Alps, and beyond.

Reviews every article on Outforia for accuracy and on-the-ground plausibility. His work has been referenced by The Washington Post, Forbes, USA Today, Fox News, National Geographic, and CNN.

Follows Outforia's editorial standards

53 stories published

Stories by Carl J. Borg

Western diamond-backed rattlesnake coiled with its banded tail visible
Wildlife

Snakes in Texas: 81 Types and How to Identify Them

Texas snakes span deserts, brush country, Hill Country, prairies, pine woods, wetlands, and Gulf Coast marshes.

Eastern pinesnake stretched through grass
Wildlife

Snakes in North Carolina: 38 Types and How to Identify Them

North Carolina's snakes shift from coastal marshes and pine savannas to Piedmont woods and Blue Ridge slopes.

Eastern black kingsnake moving across gravel
Wildlife

Snakes in Mississippi: 44 Types and How to Identify Them

Mississippi's snake list runs through delta wetlands, pine flats, river bottoms, hardwood forests, and backyard edges.

Northern cottonmouth coiled near wetland cover
Wildlife

Snakes in Louisiana: 49 Types and How to Identify Them

Louisiana's snake fauna is built around bayous, bottomland hardwoods, pine woods, prairies, and Gulf Coast wetlands.

California kingsnake close-up with black and white bands
Wildlife

Snakes in California: 47 Types and How to Identify Them

California's snake list moves from desert rattlesnakes to coastal gartersnakes, mountain boas, kingsnakes, and burrowers.

Eastern diamond-backed rattlesnake coiled on pale sand
Wildlife

Snakes in Alabama: 46 Types and How to Identify Them

Alabama's forests, rivers, and coastal plain hold copperheads, cottonmouths, rattlesnakes, kingsnakes, watersnakes, and secretive burrowers.

Western diamond-backed rattlesnake coiled on desert ground
Wildlife

Snakes in Arizona: 54 Types and How to Identify Them

Arizona's snakes span desert washes, canyons, grasslands, and sky islands, from sidewinders to tiny threadsnakes.

Nature's dangers featured image
Research

Nature’s Dangers: How Deadly Are The World’s Most Common Natural Disasters?

Droughts have killed 11.7 million people historically; earthquakes and storms pose the deadliest threats today.

Extraterrestrial Encounters featured photo
Research

Extraterrestrial Encounters: The Biggest UFO Hotspots in the USA

Explore the top US UFO hotspots using National UFO Reporting Center data; mysterious lights dominate sightings across California and Washington.

Search and rescue hotspots cover
Research

The USA’s Search and Rescue Hotspots

Grand Canyon leads with 785 search and rescue incidents; Yosemite follows with 732; California parks dominate incident numbers from 2018 to 2020.

Dangerous Coasts: The United States’ Most Dangerous Beaches
Research

Dangerous Coasts: The United States’ Most Dangerous Beaches

Venice Beach, Daytona Beach, and Waikiki top the list of America's most dangerous beaches, ranked by crime, pollution, and shark attack data.

two parrots sitting on a branch
Research

Wildlife Trades: Live Animal Trades Analyzed

200 million live animals have been traded since 1975, driven by demand for clothing and food, with El Salvador, China, and the U.S. leading exports.

national park premiums featured image
Research

National Park Premiums: The Cost of Living Near the Country’s Most Sought After Natural Landscapes

Property near Grand Teton costs 390% above state average; Voyageurs offers the best value at 74% below state average.

animal attacks featured image
Research

Animal Attacks: The Most Deadly Animals In North America

North America's most dangerous animals kill 70+ bears, 57 sharks, 57 snakes yearly; know defense tactics for bears, sharks, snakes, alligators, cougars, wolves.

skinny dipping spots featured image
Research

Skinny Dipping Spots: The Best From Around The World

Spain, France, and the US lead the world in nudist beaches and naturist campsites; Spain has 422 designated nude swimming spots.

13 Tips for Camping With your Cat
Camping

13 Tips for Camping With your Cat

Camping with cats requires gradual acclimatization, pet-friendly sites, safe spaces, leashes, and strict supervision to prevent escapes and injuries.

Fjällräven Vs. Arc’teryx: Which is better?
How-To

Fjällräven Vs. Arc’teryx: Which is better?

Arc'teryx dominates technical performance; Fjallraven prioritizes sustainability; both deliver reliable outdoor gear with distinct brand philosophies.

Scrambling in Hiking: The Perfect Blend of Hiking and Rock Climbing Adventure
Hiking

Scrambling in Hiking: The Perfect Blend of Hiking and Rock Climbing Adventure

Scrambling blends hiking and rock climbing using hands and feet on steep terrain; three difficulty grades from beginner to advanced mountain pursuits.

27 Unique and Cool Backpacking Gadgets
Hiking

27 Unique and Cool Backpacking Gadgets

Explore 27 unique backpacking gadgets from water filters to solar chargers that enhance comfort, safety, and convenience on outdoor adventures.

Cot vs. Air Mattress: Which One’s Right For Your Next Camping Trip?
Camping

Cot vs. Air Mattress: Which One’s Right For Your Next Camping Trip?

Cots offer durability and airflow while air mattresses provide comfort and versatility; choose based on your camping style, terrain, and sleeping position.

TOAKS vs. Snow Peak: Which Cookset is Better?
How-To

TOAKS vs. Snow Peak: Which Cookset is Better?

Compare titanium camping cooksets: TOAKS excels in durability and heat distribution; Snow Peak wins in ultralight portability and 3-in-1 multipurpose design.

Fleece vs. Cotton: Which One Is Best?
How-To

Fleece vs. Cotton: Which One Is Best?

Fleece dominates cold-weather gear with superior insulation and quick-drying; cotton suits everyday wear but absorbs moisture and loses warmth when wet.

Are Bean Boots Waterproof?
How-To

Are Bean Boots Waterproof?

L.L. Bean boots are water-resistant, not waterproof. The rubber sole is waterproof, but leather and stitching allow water penetration over time.

8 Tips for Car Camping in Bear Country
Camping

8 Tips for Car Camping in Bear Country

Bears smell food 7 times better than bloodhounds; lock doors, store food sealed, use bear canisters, and carry bear spray (92 percent effective against attacks).

Don’t Drop the Connection: How to Use  Internet While Camping
Camping

Don’t Drop the Connection: How to Use Internet While Camping

Eight internet options exist for campers, from campground WiFi and hotspots to satellite internet for remote areas.

How to Safely Ground a Generator When Camping in 3 Easy Steps
Camping

How to Safely Ground a Generator When Camping in 3 Easy Steps

Ground your camping generator in 3 steps: install an 8-foot grounding rod, connect copper wire to it, and secure the wire to the generator grounding bolt.

Deuter vs Osprey: Which Backpack Brand is Right for You?
How-To

Deuter vs Osprey: Which Backpack Brand is Right for You?

Deuter edges Osprey across backpack categories with better durability, lighter weight, and lower prices, though Osprey offers more style options.

Camping Without Electricity
Camping

Camping Without Electricity

Camp without hookups using portable power sources, coolers, non-perishable foods, camp stoves, and proper insulation for temperature regulation.

Climbing Costs: The price of completing the world’s most iconic mountain climbs
Research

Climbing Costs: The price of completing the world’s most iconic mountain climbs

Mount Everest costs $84,123 to climb; discover the top 10 most expensive mountain expeditions worldwide and their price breakdowns.

Ensure Your Adventure Starts on the Right Foot: How Should Hiking Boots Fit?
Hiking

Ensure Your Adventure Starts on the Right Foot: How Should Hiking Boots Fit?

Hiking boots should fit snug without being tight, with half a size bigger accounting for foot swell during hikes.

7 Must-Know Hiking Trail Signs
Hiking

7 Must-Know Hiking Trail Signs

Master 7 essential trail signs to stay safe: trailhead markers, blazes, rock cairns, wildlife warnings, mile markers, and directional signs guide hikers reliably.

How to Start a Fire with Sticks
How-To

How to Start a Fire with Sticks

Master three primitive fire methods; bow drill, hand drill, and plow technique all require the right wood, proper technique, and lots of practice.

Keep Warm, Travel Light: Nano Puff vs. Micro Puff
How-To

Keep Warm, Travel Light: Nano Puff vs. Micro Puff

Nano Puff and Micro Puff synthetic insulations keep you warm without bulk, perfect for cold-weather hiking and camping gear.

Bonfire vs Campfire: What’s the Difference?
Camping

Bonfire vs Campfire: What’s the Difference?

Campfires are small, contained fires used for cooking and warmth; bonfires are large fires built for celebrations and ceremonies on open land.

Hiking for Beginners on a Budget
Hiking

Hiking for Beginners on a Budget

Start hiking for under 200 dollars with 12 essential budget gear items; beginners need only backpack, shoes, water, and basic safety kit.

Cooking While Camping: Campfire Cooking Equipment To Bring Along
Camping

Cooking While Camping: Campfire Cooking Equipment To Bring Along

Essential campfire cooking gear includes grills, cast iron, utensils, roasting sticks, percolators, and heat-resistant mitts for outdoor meals.

How to Pick the Best Time and Season to Go Camping
Camping

How to Pick the Best Time and Season to Go Camping

Late September to early October offers the ideal camping window with smaller crowds, mild weather, fewer insects, and stunning fall foliage across most US campgrounds.

How You Can Stay Safe Camping in  Thunderstorm
Camping

How You Can Stay Safe Camping in Thunderstorm

Stay safe camping in thunderstorms with proper gear, site selection, and layered protection. Exposure to cold is the biggest threat, not lightning strikes.

The Top Seven Tips for Using Dry Ice for Camping
Camping

The Top Seven Tips for Using Dry Ice for Camping

Seven dry ice camping tips: stay safe, keep coolers cold for weeks, freeze caught fish, trap mosquitoes, and use it for survival.

how to make tarp shelter without trees featured photo
How-To

How to Make a Tarp Shelter Without Trees

Build the Holden tarp shelter without trees using two poles, a polyurethane tarp, guy ropes, and stakes in a simple pyramid configuration.

How to Stay Warm in a Tent: 20 Actionable Tips
Camping

How to Stay Warm in a Tent: 20 Actionable Tips

Twenty tips to stay warm camping: right tent, proper gear, body heat, hot water bottles, sleeping pads, layers, and fire placement.

What Is a Switchback? Definition, Uses, and Tips for Happy Hiking
Hiking

What Is a Switchback? Definition, Uses, and Tips for Happy Hiking

Switchbacks are zig-zag hiking trails on steep slopes that reduce elevation change. They make mountain hiking safer and protect against soil erosion on vulnerable terrain.

How far can a bear smell featured photo
How-To

How Far Can A Bear Smell?

Bears can smell food 20 miles away; polar bears reach 40 miles, making proper food storage crucial for campers.

Smartphone Vs. Standalone GPS for Hiking
Hiking

Smartphone Vs. Standalone GPS for Hiking

Smartphones work for short hikes; handheld GPS devices offer superior battery life, durability, and navigation for backcountry treks.

Tips for cowboy camping cover image
Camping

Top 12 Cowboy Camping Tips & Gear Essentials

Cowboy camping strips away tents, cots, and excess gear for bare-bones backcountry survival under stars. Bring a sleeping bag, ground cloth, and weather plan plus fire-making skills, protective knife, and snake-safe footwear.

11 Ways to Find a Hiking Buddy or Hiking Group
Hiking

11 Ways to Find a Hiking Buddy or Hiking Group

Hiking with a buddy dramatically reduces injury risk; 62 percent of missing hikers in Yosemite were alone, with 11 proven methods to find partners.

Which are the Greenest Countries in the World? We’ve Looked at the Data to Find Out
Research

Which are the Greenest Countries in the World? We’ve Looked at the Data to Find Out

Sweden (8.84/10), Norway (8.73/10), and Finland (8.65/10) rank as the world's greenest nations using World Bank data on emissions, forest, renewable energy, and endangered species.

The Climate Threat to our Cultural and Natural Landscape
Research

The Climate Threat to our Cultural and Natural Landscape

Climate change threatens iconic landscapes globally: saguaro cacti face wildfires, glacial parks shrink, and coral reefs bleach from warming oceans.

Danger Park cover
Research

Danger Parks: Which U.S. National Parks Are The Most Dangerous?

US national parks kill over 1,000 visitors each decade; falls claim 245 lives, while medical emergencies and unexplained deaths account for 358 more. Grand Canyon leads with 134 deaths, mostly from extreme heat and falls.

2021 Adventure Index – U.S. States Ranked
Research

2021 Adventure Index – U.S. States Ranked

California ranks first in adventure activities across 10 categories, followed by Colorado and New York in this comprehensive 50-state adventure ranking.

Scenic Parks cover
Research

Scenic Parks – U.S. National Parks Ranked

Ranking America's most beautiful national parks by natural beauty spots, landmarks, and wildlife opportunities across deserts, mountains, and forests.

Dirty HIking boots in the ground
Hiking

How To Break In Hiking Boots Fast

Three-phase routine that breaks in hiking boots in 2 to 4 weeks without blistering your feet.

Two people fishing from a quiet lakeshore at dawn
How-To

Enhancing Family Fishing Adventures by Predicting Fish Behavior

Master fish behavior prediction using water temperature, barometric pressure, lunar phases, and dawn-dusk feeding patterns for successful family fishing trips.