Smoky Shrew

Sorex fumeus

LCLeast Concern

The smoky shrew is a small, gray-brown insectivore of the Appalachian and northeastern forest floor, one of many look-alike Sorex shrews that are far easier to tell apart by range than by eye. Like all shrews, it runs on an extremely high metabolism, foraging almost constantly for insects just to keep up with its own energy needs. Records below span 13 states, with detections peaking each July.

Range through the year

Where Smoky Shrew is seen

Smoky Shrew is recorded in 14 US states from 3,081 occurrence records, most heavily in New York (832 records) and New Hampshire (826).

Current range3,081 records · 14 states
Occurrence data by state and month
Smoky Shrew – occurrence records by US state and month (3,081 total across 14 states)
StateJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
New York17102256551281831071011043118832
New Hampshire1114514836819293841826
Tennessee·16340170461131444305472
North Carolina17·52852137321579·203
Ohio12326425215252161176
Maine2··371519750312109
Vermont23156112529823398
Pennsylvania8147392235311581
Virginia·4326511152831·78
Kentucky·1···18331821··73
West Virginia3431·17516·171168
Massachusetts··2·1412723·132
Connecticut1·1236·6·33126
Michigan·······3·4··7

Based on 3,337 georeferenced US records. Shading is observation density (where people record sightings), not true abundance. Alaska, Hawaii & Puerto Rico shown as insets.

Explore by state

Smoky Shrew across 14 states

Occurrence records, conservation status, and the places it turns up, state by state. Open a state for detail, or visit its full page.

  • New HampshireNativeRare886 records

    State rankSecure

    Notable placesWhite Mountain National Forest · Appalachian National Scenic Trail · Franconia Notch State Park

    Countiesrecorded in 8

    Year-round in New Hampshire, with recorded sightings peaking in July.

  • New YorkNativeRare860 records

    State rankSecure

    Notable placesDevil's Tombstone Campground · Indian Head Wilderness · Halcott Mountain Wild Forest · Gilbert Lake State Park

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in New York, with recorded sightings peaking in June–July.

  • TennesseeNativeRare510 records

    State rankApparently Secure

    Notable placesNorth Cherokee National Forest & Wildlife Management Area · Savage Gulf Designated State Natural Area · Great Smoky Mountains National Park · Citico Creek Wilderness

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in Tennessee, with recorded sightings peaking in June, with a smaller rise in August.

  • North CarolinaNativeRare205 records

    State rankApparently Secure

    Notable placesNantahala National Forest · Pisgah National Forest · Great Smoky Mountains National Park · Blue Ridge Parkway

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in North Carolina, with recorded sightings peaking in May, with a smaller rise in July–August.

  • OhioNativeRare177 records

    State rankVulnerable

    Notable placesStrouds Run State Park

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in Ohio, with recorded sightings peaking in June–July.

  • KentuckyNativeCommon174 records

    State rankSecure

    Notable placesJefferson National Forest

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in Kentucky, with recorded sightings peaking in July.

  • MaineNativeRare110 records

    State rankSecure

    Notable placesAcadia National Park · Schoodic Bog

    Countiesrecorded in 13

    Year-round in Maine, with recorded sightings peaking in September.

  • VermontNativeOccasional102 records

    State rankApparently Secure

    Notable placesHazens Notch State Park · Green Mountain National Forest · Green Mountains

    Countiesrecorded in 13

    Year-round in Vermont, with recorded sightings peaking in July–August.

  • VirginiaNativeOccasional87 records

    State rankSecure

    Notable placesJefferson National Forest · Shenandoah National Park

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in Virginia, with recorded sightings peaking in September.

  • PennsylvaniaNativeRare81 records

    State rankSecure

    Notable placesState Game Land #13 · Appalachian National Scenic Trail · State Game Land #106 · Mcconnells Mill State Park

    Countiesrecorded in 12

    Year-round in Pennsylvania, with recorded sightings peaking in July.

  • West VirginiaNativeRare73 records

    State rankApparently Secure

    Notable placesCheat Wildlife Management Area · Little River Wildlife Management Area · Tea Creek Wildlife Management Area · Blackwater Wildlife Management Area

    Countiesrecorded in 10

    Year-round in West Virginia, with recorded sightings peaking in June, with a smaller rise in August and October.

  • MassachusettsNativeRare32 records

    State rankSecure

    Notable placesWatatic Mountain Sanctuary

    Countiesrecorded in 5

    Year-round in Massachusetts, with recorded sightings peaking in July.

  • ConnecticutNativeRare28 records

    State rankSecure

    Notable placesFurnace Brook-Middle River Flood Control Site 5 · Macedonia Brook State Park

    Countiesrecorded in 5

    Year-round in Connecticut, with recorded sightings peaking in June, with a smaller rise in August.

  • MichiganNativeRare12 records

    State rankCritically Imperiled

    Countiesrecorded in 1

    Sparse observation record in Michigan; presence confirmed but timing of activity not well documented.

IUCN Red List status

  1. LC
  2. NT
  3. VU
  4. EN
  5. CR
  6. EW
  7. EX

LC – Least Concern

Widespread and abundant; not at risk.

SizeSmoky Shrew beside a 1.8 m adult, drawn to scale
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
Body length
7–7 cm3 in–3 in
Weight
8–8 g0.3–0.3 oz

Silhouettes drawn to scale against a 1.8 m5 ft 11 in adult.

Elevation

From 200 georeferenced records, the Smoky Shrew is recorded from 28 m92 ft to 1,911 m6,270 ft, with half of sightings below 495 m1,624 ft.

Each band shows the share of georeferenced sightings that fall within it. Records cluster where people live and hike, so low, populated elevations are over-represented. Read this as observation density, not true abundance.

Observation peakJuly60 records

Seasonality from research-grade observation dates across the US (60 records, all years). Reflects when the species is recorded, not a guarantee of presence.

Best encounter

Where and when to see a Smoky Shrew

Your best chance: New Hampshire, in July.

Where
New HampshireNH
When
July
Trophic relationshipsFood web What a Smoky Shrew eats, and what eats it.
Eaten by1
Timber RattlesnakeCrotalus horridus
This speciesSmoky Shrew

Grazes on plants

Eats

A sample of documented feeding relationships, filtered to species that also occur in the US. Diet and predators vary by region and season, and this is not a complete list, many animals eat, and are eaten by, more than what has been formally recorded here.

Life history

The Smoky Shrew (8 g0.3 oz) is a carnivore that first breeds around 0.8 years, carries a 21-day gestation, and bears about 5.2 young per litter. Maximum recorded longevity is 1.4 years.

Life cycle

  1. Gestation21 days
  2. Birthlitter of 5.2 young
  3. Sexual maturity0.8 yr (female)
  4. Typical lifespan1.4 years
  5. Maximum recorded longevity1.4 years

Reproduction

Gestation
21days
Litter size
5.2youngaverage
Litters / year
2.25litters
Age at first breeding
0.8years

Diet composition

Carnivore

By foraging composition: 70% invertebrates, 30% scavenged.

  • Invertebrates70%
  • Scavenged30%

Most active around the clock.

Typical values for the species, not local measurements. Maximum longevity is the longest lifespan on record; most individuals live far less.

Commonly confused with

Animals people sometimes mistake for the smoky shrew, and how to tell them apart.

A shrew best identified by where it’s found

The smoky shrew belongs to the genus Sorex, a group of small, sharp-nosed insectivores that look remarkably similar to one another and are often easier to sort out by range and habitat than by eye alone. Like its relatives, it likely has poor eyesight and depends instead on smell and touch to hunt insects, worms, and other invertebrates hidden in leaf litter and moss. Its high metabolism means it can’t afford to go long without food.

An Appalachian and northeastern range

This species is recorded across 13 states, running from Vermont and New Hampshire down through Pennsylvania and into Georgia along the Appalachian chain, with a westward reach into Ohio and Kentucky. Among the states with detailed counts, North Carolina and Ohio show the heaviest logged numbers, ahead of Pennsylvania, though that likely reflects survey effort in those states as much as any real difference in how thick the shrew is on the ground.

A midsummer peak in detections

Reports of the smoky shrew climb through the year and peak sharply in July, when the observation count is more than double any other month. That kind of summer spike is typical for small, secretive mammals that are easier to trap or encounter when field surveys are most active, rather than a real summer surge in the animal’s own activity.

Conservation: least concern

The IUCN lists the smoky shrew as Least Concern. Its broad Appalachian range across more than a dozen states, paired with steady if modest detection numbers, points to a shrew that remains reasonably secure despite the pressures facing small forest-floor mammals across the eastern United States.

Data & sources

The data and visualizations on this page draw on these open sources: